Archive for Change
Dan Wildcat – a Call to Consciousness on Climate Change
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Complete Video – www.nmai.si.edu Dan Wildcat (Yuchi member of the Muscogee Nation of Oklahoma) Daniel R. Wildcat is director of the Haskell Environmental Research Studies Center and of the American Indian Studies Program at Haskell Indian Nations University in Lawrence, Kansas. In 1994 Wildcat helped form a partnership with the Hazardous Substance Research Center at Kansas State University to create the Haskell Environmental Research Studies Center as a nonprofit Native American initiative to facilitate technology transfer to tribal governments and Native communities, transfer of accurate environmental information to tribes, and research opportunities for tribal college faculty and students throughout the United States. In 1996 Dr. Wildcat helped plan and organize an American Indian educational program to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Earth Day. As a part of the program, he moderated a live, nationally broadcast dialogue in Washington, DC, between traditional American Indian elders and American Indian scientists and engineers about the way we must live if we are to ensure a healthy planet for our children. Wildcat also helped plan and design a four-part video series entitled All Things Are Connected: The Circle of Life (1997), which dealt with land, air, water, and biological issues related to environmental science and policy challenges facing Native nations. His recent activities have revolved around forming the American Indian and Alaska Native Climate Change …
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The Conscious And Subconscious Mind:
Influence, Persuasion & Change For Healing
With Hypnosis & Hypnotherapy.
Though we have one mind, there are usually considered to be two sections of it: the conscious and the subconscious. The subconscious was termed by Freud the unconscious. He only saw it as a negative, a swamp of primitive drives and aggressive impulses. Perhaps his was. Hypnotists, au contraire, regard it as the source of creativity, inventiveness and strength, a valuable resource that can be utilized, not only as this negative primitive area. Nowadays some hypnotists use the term, “other than conscious,” mind, to define it as everything not in conscious awareness in the present moment. A metaphor that is used to illustrate the conscious and subconscious parts of the mind uses a comparison to an iceberg. The visible portion above the surface of the water is the conscious mind, guestimated (I can’t imagine how), to be approximately 10% of our thinking ability. The subconscious mind, consisting of that portion of the iceberg beneath the water, being the other nine tenths. I have also seen information that the conscious mind processes a few hundred impressions a minute, to the thousands of impressions the subconscious mind processes in the same time, (I can’t imagine how this was arrived at either), but the general consensus is how much larger and more powerful this mostly hidden “other than conscious mind” can be.
Another useful analogy is to the computer. It seems to fit so well. After all, where would we intuit the design of a complex information processing system, other than our own minds? Many new processes such as “fuzzy logic” are in fact actual conscious attempts to reproduce our own mental processes, as far as they can be ascertained. In this comparison, the conscious mind is the equivalent of the computer screen, consisting of that which is available to our conscious thinking process. It is the analytical, linear, logical, rational, “two plus two equals four” mind. Plus our conscious emotions, those surface emotions that we are aware of. Here we move information around, computing how to minimize pain and maximize pleasure, the two fundamental desires of any organism, however they may be conceived of in any particular being or life path. Here we use the mind to analyze our environment to obtain the necessary control for achieving these ends. So this mind operates primarily in the here and now, though it usually calls on the past as a computational factor. This means many of its functions operate within the framework of and/or via the perspectives and “lenses” supplied by the subconscious mind.
I have found a major function of the conscious mind is to “bend” information to fit these hidden perspectives. Here is one of my usual simple crude examples. “I don’t like women with red hair, they are easily angered and bad tempered.” He forgets the little red headed six-year-old girl that used to hit him when he was four. Or if the memory of her is accessible, there will be no awareness of how those events are connected to his current views! Similarly, how many times does a person see advertisements of happy laughing healthy young persons playing on the beach, accompanied by the slogan, (or hypnotic auditory suggestion), “Things go better with Coke.” The visual imagery is also a visual suggestion associated, i.e. “paired with” the verbal one. Then in a store, the person purchases Coca-Cola, consciously thinking, “I need some Coke,” or “I need some for when my friends come visiting.” Never connecting their actions to the numerous adverts that have been absorbed. But the Coca-Cola Company does not spend untold millions putting out this information in this way for nothing. Cinema and television are powerful trance mediums, as a picture is “worth a thousand words.” This is an example I use with my clients, to illustrate the persuasive penetration of repetition, especially useful when internally absorbed deeply from repeated playing of a hypnosis audio product. This being the case, Hypnotherapists realize that people are actually mainly persuaded based on emotional processes that are going on within them, not logical thinking. Logic helps, but people are making most decisions emotionally, and then backing them up by manufacturing conscious logical thought.
Some psychologists identify anything that can be voluntarily called to mind as being in the “pre-conscious”. A hypnotist however would include all of that in the “other than conscious mind,” too. How many memories are there that could be recalled with the application of some thought, but how many of them are left undisturbed for decades, loitering in the lower reaches of consciousness? And how many are separated from linkages that would give more profound insight, meaning and relief? In our computer analogy, the subconscious mind equates to the software, operating systems, and memory banks, containing our automatic responses, deeper emotions, feelings, habits, impressions, and permanent memory, and our compulsions, impulses and responses to them. It operates apart from the linear logic of the conscious mind, though working with the subconscious as a hypnotherapist, I see what I term as “emotional logic.” Behavior, as is illustrated also in much psychotherapy and Neuro-Linguistic Programming, always has some positive intent, which when disinterred, becomes comprehensible within it’s own context and it’s own terms. The inner mind works with analogy and association, uses ambiguity, poetry, and especially imagery and metaphor for storing and processing information, rather than the more limited inductive/deductive quasi-logic, (and prejudices, rationalizations etc.) of the conscious mind. That is why the former inward factors stir us so deeply and readily.
Learned habits, such as walking, are permanently installed and normally accessed without conscious thought by sub-systems. Redundant acquired habits become “grooved in” and self-perpetuating in the “software”. In fact, attempting to consciously “take them over” causes a loss of effective functionality. (Try consciously thinking of where you are placing your feet the next time you hurry up a flight of stairs, and you will soon discover what I mean). So athletes often have to be assisted by a hypnotist to “get out of their own way”, allowing themselves to trust in their own trained abilities without thought, flowing more naturally in the “zone” as it is termed. Or using the “no-mind” as the Zen Buddhists would have it.
The lower or deeper levels of the subconscious part of the mind control blood pressure, body temperature, breathing, digestion, heart rate, and similar biological functions of our body. Also the instincts and instinctual responses, and their physiological counterparts, our reflexes, All of which we inherit presumably mostly through our genes. This resembles the “hard wiring” of a computer. In my pre-talk, to illustrate this point to clients, while simul-taneously reassuring them of their ultimate control I inform them, “No matter how many times it might be suggested, “you will stop breathing”, you would not do so, because it is wired in on the survival level.” Though Yoga adepts and so forth may bring many of these functions under conscious control, it is not such a usual accomplishment in Western culture. The sub-conscious never sleeps, never takes a break from keeping our biological functioning going. I also explain this to clients by, “It’s the part of the cave man mind that always stays on the alert for the Saber Toothed Tiger.” This is usually accepted with a smile. Also relating the “other than conscious mind” to the Guardian Angel, provides a positive frame of reference that helps counter any fears the client may have in releasing conscious control.
The subconscious mind is concerned with bringing about our deepest wishes expect-ations and desires, even if sometimes they are contrary to logic, and our own current well-being. The subconscious mind, seeking to meet our deepest needs, expectations, wishes, does not always do it the way we want it done. The subconscious mind does not care if the body hurts, but rather that the deepest needs are met. If our greatest need is for affection and the only time we experienced affection was when we were sick, we may get sick in order to receive that affection. This occurs even though consciously we don’t like being sick and the reason is unknown. So it is evident that once a solution to a need is found, it may be repeated in essentially the same way incongruently, redundantly, at times in a disguised adult form. A female client, in trance, with no prompting from me said with tears streaming down her face. “When I was young, I was bitten by a dog two or three times. This was the only time I got any caring at home. That is why I kept going to Hospital Emergency Rooms for overdoses or cutting my wrists.” She was bearing the label of a mental condition. As I observed her release herself I thought, “She is never going to be that sick again.”
The soil of the subconscious mind accepts any kind of seeds – good or bad. Once the subconscious mind accepts an idea, it begins to make the idea a reality. When applied in a negative way, the subconscious can be the cause of failure, frustration, unhappiness, and even illness.” Einstein said, “Imagination is more important than knowledge.” And in the Bible, (proverbs), “Whatever a person thinketh in his heart so is he.” Hypnosis is a process that allows access to a whole spectrum of altered states of awareness, (generally described as trance), that allow simultaneously states of inward concentration to occur, with a fluid flow between many levels and depths of the mind. In this state, the mind and body are more open and receptive, the most helpful tool for pursuing treatment goals. The beauty of clinical hypnosis is in acquiring the ability to enter a trance deliberately. This gives us a key in hypnotherapy, because in trance, deep level dysfunctional beliefs can be attenuated or erased, and more functional ones be instilled and installed. Negative images and metaphors can be altered and supplanted with more useful ones. We can guide a person move “away from” damaging information and/or “move towards” healing/positive ideas. This can, when targeted at emotional processes for therapy, give a person a “virtual” better childhood, as the “old tapes” as they were referred to in latter day psychotherapies, can be annulled. More limited problems are amenable to less general suggestion processes. All of this appears to take place, in trance, on the “other than conscious” level where the negative processes were formed, for highly effective change, without will power. Even physiological processes may be affected by suggestion, and has given me the ability at times to assist people who have run out of medical options. Behavioral and functional difficulties can be overcome. As I have stated elsewhere, at times the results, psychological or physical, can appear miraculous. Brian Green, c. 2007. http://www.mindmagic123.com
Brian Green, CHT, CDS. Certified Hypnotherapist. Former Senior staff Therapist, Hypnosis Institute, Glendale. Former member, ACHE, NGH, IHF. In private practice twelve years, (2007). Warm, caring, professional and confidential. Power to solve your problems. ALL ISSUES. “If it can be done, I’m one of the guys that can do it.” Author of, “Mind-mending for Mind-bending, Wizard Ways With Words.” Vol 1, (so far) of “The Alchemy of Consciousness.” Certified Chemical Dependency Counselor, (Mission College). Worked as Dual Diagnosis Counselor, Case Manager, Discharge Planner, Psychiatric Hospitals and Rehabs etc.12 Step counseling. Family and couple’s issues. Sessions in the Greater Los Angeles area. Potent hypnosis audio products, (available by mail). Free fifteen minute phone consult. Presentations and Workshops given for hypnosis groups on Hypno-linguistics or Addictions. http://www.mindmagic123.com
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IMPACT of CLIMATE CHANGE in INDIAN AGRICULTURE
Posted by: | CommentsThe major challenge faced by the entire world today is Climate Change or Global Warming. Every country is taking various measures to reduce the global warming. The climate change causes a greater impact on the agriculture. Particularly, Indian agriculture is hardly affected due to the climate change or global warming. The success of Indian agriculture much depends on the normal monsoon as also on favorable weather conditions. The fact is that all over the world, wherever, whenever the farmers meet, the crops and the prevailing prices. Aberrant weather conditions worry them. During recent years, burning of fossil fuels by the vehicles, coal burning by the power plants, emission from the industrial factories as also as a result of the large scale deforestation, the earth’s surface temperature is increasing, rainfall pattern is shifting causing loss of moisture, occurrence of cyclones, thunderstorms, floods as also the rising of the sea-level, which may ultimately see many coastal cities and towns inundated. As far as foodgrains production is concerned, even a slight rise in the earth’s surface temperature could cause drop in the country’s wheat production substantially as also it could much impair the quality of rice ( specially of the basmati rice), fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants, products now being much valued for their export. Despite these limitations, much useful work has been done on estimating the impacts of different climate change scenarios. In this paper climate change impacts in agriculture are examined with particular to Indian scenario.
Agriculture is one of the most weather-dependent of all human activities. In India, agriculture and allied activities constitute the single largest component of Grass Domestic Product (GDP) contributing nearly 25% of the total. The tremendous importance of this sector to the Indian economy can be ganged by the fact that it provides employment to to-thirds of the total workforce. The share of agricultural products in exports is also substantial, with agriculture accounting for 15% of export earnings. Agricultural growth also has a direct impact on poverty eradication, and is an important factor in employment generation. Further, Indian agriculture is fundamentally dependent on weather for higher productivity.
WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?
Climate change can manifest itself in gradual changes in temperature, precipitation and a rise in sea level, resulting in changes in frequency, intensity and duration of extreme events. Global warming means earth getting warmer and resulting in an ecological imbalance.
HOW CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECTS AGRICULTURE?
Climate change can affect agriculture in a variety of ways. Beyond a certain range of temperatures, warming tends to reduce yields because crops speed through their development, producing less grain in the process. Evaporation from the soil accelerates when temperatures rise and plants increase transpiration—that is, lose more moisture from their leaves. The combined effect is called “evapotranspiration.” Because global warming is like ly to increase rainfall, the net impact of higher temperatures on water availability is a race between higher evapotranspiration and higher precipitation. Typically, that race is won by higher evapotranspiration. But a key culprit in climate change—carbon emissions— can also help agriculture by enhancing photosynthesis in many important, so-called C3, crops (such as wheat, rice, and soybeans). The science, however, is far from certain on the benefits of carbon fertilization. But we do know that this phenomenon does not much help C4 crops (such as sugarcane and maize), which account for about one-fourth of all crops by value.
Potential direct effects on agricultural systems: Seasonal changes in rainfall and temperature could impact agro-climatic conditions, altering growing seasons, planting and harvesting calendars, water availability, pest, weed and disease populations, etc. Evapotranspiration, photosynthesis and biomass production is altered. Land suitability is altered.
India, as a developing country has reasons to be concerned about the adverse impact of climate change on its economy. A large part of its population depends on climate sensitive sectors for livelihoods which makes it highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change can have serious impact on its crops, forests, coastal regions, etc. which can in turn affect the achievement of its important national development goals. The issue of climate change cannot however be taken up without linking it to developmental needs such as poverty, health, energy access and education. Efforts to address climate change adaptation and mitigation needs should not take resources away from the core development needs and growth objectives of the developing countries. Climate Change mitigation and poverty reduction should be addressed simultaneously.
EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING
¨ Global warming is increasing the earth’s average temperature. The green house gases are the main culprits of the global warming. The green house gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are playing hazards in the present time. These green house gases trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere and thus result in increasing the temperature of the earth. The excessive emission of these gases is the major cause of global warming.
¨ The major source of carbon dioxide is the power plants. These power plants emit large amounts of carbon dioxide produced from burning of fossil fuels for the purpose of electricity generations. Coal is the major fuel that is burnt in these power plants. Coal produces around 1.7 times as much carbon dioxide per unit of energy when flamed as does natural gas and 1.25 times as much as oil. Coal gives out 80% more carbon per unit of energy it produces as compared to natural gas. Another major source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the emission from the cars and other vehicles. About 20% of carbon dioxide emitted in the atmosphere comes from burning of gasoline in the engines of the vehicles.
¨ Buildings, both commercial and residential represent a large source of global warming pollution than cars and trucks. Building of these structures requires a lot of fuel to be burnt which emits a large amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
¨ The second major greenhouse gas after CO2 which causes global warming is Methane. Methane is obtained from resources such as rice paddies, Bovine Flatulence, bacteria in bogs and fossil fuel manufacture. Almost in all parts of the world, rice is grown on flooded fields. When fields are flooded, anaerobic situation built up and the organic matter in the soil decays, releasing methane to the atmosphere. Nitrous oxide which is a colorless gas with sweet odour is another green house gas. The main sources of nitrous oxide include nylon and nitric acid production, cars with catalytic converters, the use of fertilizers in agriculture and burning of organic matter. A greater emission of nitrous oxides in the recent decades is leading global warming.
¨ Another major cause of global warming is deforestation. Deforestation is to be blamed for 25% of all carbon dioxide release entering the atmosphere, by the cutting and burning of about 34 million acres of trees each year. Trees collect CO2 that we breathe out and they give back oxygen that we breathe in. Thus, cutting of trees is leading to greater concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Greater urbanization, requirement of land for factories and buildings, requirement of timber are all reasons that are leading to deforestation which in turn is leading to global warming.
¨ The global warming has led to increase in mean earth surface temperature and thus melting of the polar ice. There are frequent meltdown of glaciers that result in floods and other natural calamities. The melting of ice at the poles has led the increase in sea level. And further increase in temperature may melt the ice and lead to increase in mean sea level which will engulf low lying countries.
¨ The effect of global warming is very evident on the animal kingdom. Some animals have become extinct due to loss of their natural habitat or their inability to evolve the rapid change in their life style because of the changes in the seasons. The migrating birds have changed their time to travel and also their place of migration.
¨ The effects of global warming can be felt on the seasons too. There is shift in season cycle, as the summers are getting longer than the winters. This has affected the animals and made them to change their life style accordingly and those who failed to do so have perished or on the verge of extinction.
¨ The global warming is also responsible for the introduction of some new diseases. The bacteria are more effective and multiply much faster in warmer temperatures compared to cold temperatures. The increase in temperature has led to increase in the microbes that cause diseases.
¨ Climate change is also effecting the crop production, as the crops are getting destroyed due to the sudden change in temperatures or sudden onset of rains. Also, the flash floods and other natural calamities affect the crop.
¨ As the matter of fact, because of global warming, the earth’s atmosphere is getting more unpredictable with heavy rains in the areas which have scantly rainfall or drought in the areas which received good annual rainfall. The months of rainfall are also getting affected.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE
Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy and provides food and livelihood security to a substantial section of the Indian population. The impact of climate change as witnessed in recent times has immense potential to adversely affect agriculture in this country in a variety of ways. As a large part of the arable land in India is rain-fed, the productivity of agriculture depends on the rainfall and its pattern. Agriculture will be adversely affected not only by an increase or decrease in the overall amounts of rainfall but also by shifts in the timing of the rainfall. Any change in rainfall patterns poses a serious threat to agriculture, and therefore to the economy and food security. Summer rainfall accounts for almost 70% of the total annual rainfall over India and is crucial to Indian agriculture.
Climate Change is projected to have significant impacts on conditions affecting agriculture, including temperature, precipitation and glacial run off. It affects agriculture in more ways than one. It can affect crop yield as well as the types of crops that can be grown in certain areas, by impacting agricultural inputs such as water for irrigation, amounts of solar radiation that affect plant growth, as well as the prevalence of pests.
Rise in temperatures caused by increasing green house gases is likely to affect crops differently from region to region. As a result of climate change the amount of arable land in high-latitude region is likely to increase by reduction of the amount of frozen lands. At the same time arable land along the coast lines are bound to be reduced as a result of rising sea level. Erosion, submergence of shorelines, salinity of the water table due to the increased sea levels, could mainly affect agriculture through inundation of low lying lands.
The impact of climate change on agriculture could result in water shortages and drought, new diseases, heat stress for animals and risks liked to extreme weather events. Scientists are studying very closely the effect of climate change in different fields including agriculture. Various studies have indicated that rise in temperature is going to affect the agricultural production though its contribution to green house gas is only 28%. Climate change is already upon us. Indian agriculture, despite being a relatively minor contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, will be a big loser if global temperatures rise.
Agriculture will be adversely affected not only by an increase or decrease in the overall amounts of rainfall, but also by shifts in the timing of the rainfall. Higher temperatures reduce the total duration of a crop cycle, leading to a lower yield per unit area, especially for India’s wheat and paddy crops. Soil erosion, increased numbers of pests and weeds brought by climate change will also affect agriculture in India. For instance, the amount of moisture in the soil will be affected by changes in factors such as rainfall, runoff and evaporation. Global warming will seriously affect agriculture. Some species of agricultural crops will be adversely affected by higher temperatures, increased weeds and harmful insects. It is also possible that global warming will lead to global food shortages.
CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIA
The vulnerability of Indian agriculture to climate change is well acknowledged. But what is not fully appreciated is the impact this will have on rain-fed (non-irrigated) agriculture, practiced mostly by small and marginal farmers who will suffer the most.
The crops that may be hit include pulses and oilseeds, among others. These are already in short supply and are consequently high-priced. Nearly 80 million hectares, out of the country’s net sown area of around 143 million hectares, lack irrigation facilities and hence, rely wholly on rain water for crop growth. Over 85% of the pulses and cereals, more than 75% of the oilseeds and nearly 65% of cotton are produced from such lands. The crop yields are quiet low.
According to A K Singh, Deputy Director-General (Natural Resource Management) of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), medium-term climate change predictions have projected the likely reduction in crop yields due to climate change at between 4.5% and 9% by 2039.
The long run predictions paint a scarier picture with the crop yields anticipated to fall by 25 per or more by 2099. This will have a detrimental effect on farmers’ income and purchasing power, with obvious down-the-line repercussions. Though the rainfall records available with the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) do not indicate any perceptible trend of change in overall annual monsoon rainfall in the country, noticeable changes have been observed within certain distinct regions.
At least three meteorological sub-divisions – Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Kerala have shown significant decrease in seasonal rainfall though some others have recorded an uptrend in precipitation as well. Since, rain-fed crops like coarse grains, pulses and oilseeds are grown mostly during the kharif season, these are impacted by both low as well as excess rainfall.
India is among countries most threatened by climate change with experts warning that rising temperatures will lead to more floods, heat waves, storms, rising sea levels and unpredictable farm yields. Here are the main potential effects of climate change on a country which is the world’s seventh largest in area and is home to 1.1 billion people, a sixth of humanity.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE
The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) has warned that India could lose upto 125 million tones of cereals. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which was awarded Nobel Prize in the year 2008 has warned that due to global warming, the sea levels in Asia will rise by atleast 40cm by 2100 flooding vast areas on the coastline, including some of the most densely populated cities, whose population will be forced to migrate inland (The Hindu Business Line dated 03-11-2007). The first to be affected by the climate change will be those living in the fringe zones, working outdoors or whose livelihoods depend directly on the physical environment. Viewed from these perspectives, the main sectors facing risks from direct impact could be agriculture, water resources and health.
The IPCC report indicates high probability of crop losses with increase in temperature in the tropical regions. Studies do confirm this trend. Among cereal crops important for food security, wheat is most sensitive to even small increase in temperature. Relatively, rice has greater tolerance to temperature increases. Increasing climate variability could result in considerable season/ annual fluctuation in food production. All agricultural commodities are subject to such variability.
SOLUTIONS FOR GLOBAL WARMING
The most important contributor to global warming is the increase in atmospheric CO2 levels due to human activity. The following are the some of the suggestions to prevent global warming.
ü CO2 emission can be cut by reducing the use of fossil fuels by cutting back on car use, investing in energy efficiency, implementing energy conservation measures and utilizing renewable resources such as wind, solar and hydropower. Reducing fossil fuel user will, coincidentally, also reduce emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and ozone.
ü Since CO2 is consumed by plants and trees (known as carbon-sinks), reversing deforestation and implementing reforestation programmes may reduce levels in the atmosphere. The need to take such measures was first recognized at the RIO climate change convention in 1992, after which over 160 countries pledged to limit emissions of CO2 and to protect and enhance natural ‘sinks’ of CO2. Trees play a unique role in the global carbon cycle. They are the largest land-based mechanism for removing CO2 from the air. Trees are able to store a large amount of CO2 in their structure. An acre of forest will absorb about ten times the CO2 amount absorbed by an acre of crop land. Planting more trees and reducing more trees and reducing timber cut worldwide will help to restore the balance.
ü Try to cut down demand for electricity when we reduce electricity power use, we save money, breathe cleaner air and help to reduce the global warming problem.
ü Government should also encourage the use of mass transit; provide tax rebates for people who buy low and no-pollution vehicles and subsidies to fossil fuel and the nuclear industries.
ü Green house gas emissions be managed using an incentive based policy, such as market based approach to capping and reducing such emissions. This type of strategy provides clear incentives for changes in business practices and the development of new technologies. It assures that economic forces are directed to keeping the cost of reducing emissions as low as they can be. Many industrial nations have now adopted policies intended to limit green house gases.
ü Try to follow the environment-friendly policies like ‘Reduce’, ‘Reuse’ and ‘Recycle’. Save containers, bags, everything that can be used in the future. Also we use cloth towels and napkins instead of paper ones and use rechargeable batteries instead of disposable ones.
ü Try to minimize the usage of air conditioners, refrigerators and other electronic goods which cause hazardous effects to the mother earth and can maximize the usage of the solar energy and wind energy for the power generation.
CONCLUSION
Scientists are convinced that human actions are causing global warming. If this is so, it stands to reason that our own actions can also help to reduce this threat. Today global warming poses an extraordinary challenge. The world’s leading atmospheric scientists tell us that a gradual warming of our climate is under way and will continue. This long-term warning trend poses even greater risks to many other nations, particularly poorer countries that will be far less able to cope with a changing climate and low-lying countries where sea-level rise will cause significant damage.
Meeting the challenge of global warming will require sustained effort over decades on the part of Governments, who must establish the rules and modify them. Although much is being done to reduce the emission of green house gases, the efforts are still not enough. The Indian policy makers must remember that climate change has a creeping effect on the economy and can further hurt the already fragile agricultural system.
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EARTH QUAKES FIRES AND FLOODS STARVATION
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Change We Can Believe In, December 21 2012
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December 21, 2012 is the year the Maya had predicted the end of the great cycle. Earth will also pass through the galactic plane(dark rift)on the winter solstice of 2012.
More on the belief of a pole shift due around the year 2012, potentially wiping out humanity.
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Solar Activity and Climate Change (2008.07.10)
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Does solar activity play a part in climate change (Euronews)
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PLAYLIST: www.youtube.com Solar Flares – Mitch Battros Solar Flares First hour guest, Earth changes expert Mitch Battros shared an update on recent solar activity, which included a small B-class flare. Because of the cycle we’re in, with Earth’s magnetic field weakening, we could be affected more by smaller flares, such as experiencing satellite outages, he warned.
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A Molder’s Guide to Magnetic Quick Mold Change Systems
Posted by: | CommentsHaving established a need to improve mold changeover time, when deciding upon the clamping process, the molder is confronted by three technology choices.
• Manual-Mechanical – typically for smaller presses. Involves the mold being modified to accept some kind of clamping ring or spigot. Specially designed plates are mounted to both platens which through the use of a lever allow the user to locate and clamp the mold securely to the machine.
• Hydraulic/Pneumatic-Mechanical – For all sizes of press. Takes existing clamp technology (toe-clamps) and automates the process without the need for Operator intervention. For best results, Mold bases should be the same size to avoid the need to reposition the clamps.
• Magnetic – Typically for presses greater than 50 ton. Magnetic Plates are fixed to the machine platens and electronically switched to clamp the mold.
Over the past 15 years, the Molding industry has seen the “magnetic” option become the primary choice on the following provisos:
• Where the application is Thermoplastic Injection Molding and operating mold base temperatures rarely exceed 250 deg. F.
• Where the daylight of the press allows for the thickness of (both) magnets.
• Where the molds vary in size.
The first two points above address the magnet’s primary weaknesses: Magnets are susceptible to high temperature, and although they have become thinner over the years, loss in machine daylight is unavoidable.
However, magnets have become much more affordable and when considering installation cost that includes the absence of mold modification, they are the most cost competitive option.
Other advantages over their more conventional competitors include:
• Less Maintenance. There are no moving parts, electrical power is only required for the switching process, which depending on the size can take as little as 0.5-3 seconds.
• Greater Accuracy. Clamp force is uniformly distributed over the entire mold base surface, just as the mold was (ground) manufactured in the first place.
Having made the decision to buy a magnetic system, the biggest hurdle for the molder is choosing the right product and supplier.
Despite the fact that magnets have been around since the beginning of time, it is an unknown science to most – including Engineers! This makes the customer vulnerable to distortion and exaggeration of the facts.
The following questions and answers are designed to provide a brief “check list” for the first-time buyer:
What happens when there is an electrical power failure?
All manufacturers utilize permanent-electro magnetic technology (some say “electro-permanent”). This technology invented in the UK in 1963, involves internal permanent magnets which when activated by an electrical pulse remain permanently magnetized. They cannot lose power unless the cycle is reversed. Some rare-earth magnet materials can be affected by excessively high temperatures, check with the manufacturer/supplier for their recommended maximum operating temperature.
Is Magnetic Quick Mold Change safe?
Yes – providing sensible operator guidelines are observed. Operation of the magnet is undertaken when the guards are closed, there is no reason why any Operator should be within the vicinity of the mold unless it is clamped or attached to the crane/handling device. Ask the Manufacturer for the Operation sequence and how the magnet is interlocked with the Press.
Does the Magnetic field affect the Press, Ejectors, Controls, Personnel etc.?
If the pole design is properly determined, the mold base will absorb most of the magnetic field. Additional (stray) fields are localized and kept relatively close to the magnet surface and will not affect controls. It is unlikely that personnel with pacemakers will be affected by the magnetic field, but as a precautionary measure, all manufacturers will insist that personnel with pacemakers be kept away from the immediate area.
Is it possible for the mold to break away from the magnet?
Yes – The magnet like any clamp has a maximum clamp force, if the press can generate a force greater than the clamp force, the mold will move. Under normal operating conditions, a magnet has more than adequate clamping force and should never let go of the mold. Mold security, however becomes vulnerable in the following instances:
1. Over-packing/Mold Lock: In the event that the mold seizes up and the opening force of the machine exceeds the magnetic clamp force, then at some point one side will let go. The mold will remain attached to the other side and the Operator will need to intervene to rectify the condition.
2. Excessive nozzle force: Some machines apply a large nozzle force applied to the fixed side of the mold. If the mold is small, it may be that this force is greater than the magnet force. Ask the manufacturer/supplier for the likely clamp force applied to the smallest mold and the nozzle force can be reduced to accommodate.
3. Ejector/Knock-Out Over-stroke: The worst condition for a magnet which (generally) can only happen at the time of set-up. Over-stroked Ejector Rods applied at production speed provides a “dynamic” force which subject to size and condition of the mold base may cause the moving side to release from the magnet.
Responsible manufacturers/suppliers should be in a position to provide data for clamp forces at the min and max mold sizes. In addition, through training and technical manuals they should be able to provide comprehensive operator guidelines to minimize accidents.
What are the advantages/disadvantages of different pole designs?
Specialists in magnetic products are more than capable of making claims that cannot be substantiated by the inquirer. Try not to be distracted from the most important questions:
• What is the maximum clamp force generated by the magnet?
• What is the maximum clamp force generated by the magnet on the minimum mold size and what is the recommended minimum mold size?
• What is the minimum recommended mold base thickness to absorb all the magnetic flux?
The fact is that regardless of whether the poles are square, round or rectangular, and or whether a supplier is offering larger poles versus another, the answers to the above questions is all that is required to make an informed decision.
All reputable manufacturers should provide this information and it should be made available on a simple layout drawing for the Molder to appreciate.
What is the thickness of the magnetic platen?
Magnetic platen thickness x 2 will determine loss in daylight.
Does the magnet have resin between the poles and is the resin subject to temperature?
Some manufacturers employ the use of resin in the non-magnetic areas between the poles to keep cost down. In the early days, resin would expand and contract with temperature. If the resin “grows” above the pole surface, then the molder will need to sand it away, failure to do so may cause resin cracking and reduce holding force.
More recently, manufacturers have designed the resin to reside below the surface to allow for natural expansion some have gone with an all-metal surface.
What is the maximum operating temperature of the magnet?
The grade and type of the raw magnet material determines temperature susceptibility; some companies offer special magnets for hotter applications where the internal coils are also specially adapted. All manufacturers will provide maximum operating temperature conditions for their product.
What safety interlocks does the QMC system employ?
All magnets should have a direct link to the IMM Emergency Stop circuit. In the event of a failure of any kind, the press needs to be stopped in the shortest possible time.
• Magnets need to be interlocked to ensure that the mold is in contact before activating
• Magnets need to be interlocked to ensure that the machine guards are closed before activating/deactivating.
• Magnets need to be interlocked to ensure that if a mold moves during production is can shut down the machine very quickly.
• Ideally, Magnets need to be interlocked making it impossible for the operator to deactivate whilst the machine is in “production”. Some manufacturers may employ the additional use of an enabling key switch.
All magnets will have some kind of monitoring sensor(s): Proximity sensors or flux sensors are relatively common.
What additional preparation will be needed before production can commence?
Check the recommended system voltage – most manufacturers will require a separate isolated supply.
Check maximum current and power required, ask for recommended fusing.
Since IMM Platens are (still) designed around conventional clamping, fixing holes in accordance with SPI/Euromap are limited to the outer areas. Some magnet manufacturers may require additional holes to be placed nearer the center for fixing the magnet securely and uniformly to the machine platen.
What training is provided?
As with most businesses, the buyer/initiator of the magnetic system is not usually responsible for its operation. Whilst the operation of the magnet is quite simple, it can be a little daunting to see a heavy mold clamped invisibly. The Operator will have questions and concerns that should be addressed and as with many technologies there are some basic do’s and don’ts that should be followed along with some basic maintenance tips.
Does the magnet require specialist installation assistance?
In most cases the installation of a Magnetic Quick Mold Change System is relatively straight forward. Subject to the product’s specific requirements, knowledge of the IMM and where to access various electrical interlocks will be required.
The planning process associated with the implementation of a Magnetic Quick Mold Change System cannot be under-emphasized. By asking the right questions and insisting upon proper training can only maximize the success of the installation and experience.
DocMagnet Inc. designs and supplies Magnetic Workholding systems. DocMagnet Quick Mold Change systems are designed around the machine platens to ensure maximum clamp force. They are not limited by pole design as with most other manufacturers.
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Climate Change Update ( 10 March 2011 ) Powerful X-Class Solar Flare
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X-FLARE: March 9th ended with a powerful solar flare. Earth-orbiting satellites detected an X1.5-class explosion from behemoth sunspot 1166 around 2323 UT. A movie from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory shows a bright flash of UV radiation plus some material being hurled away from the blast site: After four years without any X-flares, the sun has produced two of the powerful blasts in less than one month: Feb. 15th and March 9th. This continues the recent trend of increasing solar activity, and shows that Solar Cycle 24 is heating up. NOAA forecasters estimate a 5% chance of more X-flares during the next 24 hours. Stay tuned. spaceweather.com www.sott.net X class flare JUST erupted from Sun – March 9, 2011 – headed THIS way www.youtube.com VIDEOS: 09/03/2011 – Real-time Magnetosphere Simulation www.youtube.com MILLIONS OF COLOMBIANS HIT BY HEAVY RAIN CCTV News www.youtube.com
2012 – Change or Calamity?
Posted by: | CommentsIs 2012 another Y2K in the making? Are the predictions based in fact or doomsday fantasy? What’s really going to happen in 2012 and what will the world look like in 2013? It seems as though everyone has a book, movie or seminar filled with predictions geared to answer those questions. While there is no absolute agreement regarding what will happen, everyone seems to agree on when these events will happen. Before we can enjoy the promise of 2013, we will first need to navigate 2012.
December 21, 2012 is the singular point in time where all the predictions for change converge. So let’s look at what some of the experts say will happen at that time.
We must begin with the Maya whose long count calendar will end on that date. The Maya, most often sited when making 2012 predictions, measured cycles of purpose through time in creating their calendars. For the Maya living day to day there would be multiple calendars keeping track of personal and community cycles. The cycle we are in now, referred to as a long count cycle, comes to conclusion at the end of life as we know it so that we can begin a new cycle and new life. The Maya do not necessarily say that life will end; only that it will end in the way we know it to be. That means life will change.
The Mayan cycles of time become shorter with each repetition and speed up as human consciousness awakened. In her book The Mayan Code: Time Acceleration and Awakening the World Mind, Barbara Hand Cloud references the Maya cycles and notes an evolutionary leap at the close of each cycle.
Marie D. Jones, in her book 2013, references Robert Anton Wilson’s Acceleration of Knowledge Theory in which he logarithmically describes the intervals of time between the invention of information processing systems and their actual development. Wilson’s theory basically says that the interval of time from the conception of an information system and its actual release to the public get shorter and shorter with each cycle until a singularity is achieved. Wilson theorized (back in 1988) that the cycles double in time throughout history and that each doubling is coming faster and faster. This snowball effect corresponds with the Maya perception of time speeding up.
Think of a bouncing ball as it approaches its resting point. As the ball bounces up and down, the distance between the apexes of the ball’s arc to the floor becomes shorter and shorter. The ball bounces faster and faster as the number of bounces increases and approaches an infinite number of bounces (or cycles) before it comes to rest. For those living on the bouncing ball, time would appear to be speeding up until life as they know it stopped all together.
Thomas McKenna’s Novelty Theory describes this phenomenon by plotting novelty and complexity along a curve (called a Time Wave) that approaches a singularity (or omega point) in which everything and anything a human mind can conceive will occur simultaneously. To find out more and try out Time Wave software Google Fractal Time 7.1
Michael Drosnin’s Bible Code says that we will have meteor strikes during 2012.
The Orion Prophesy by Patrick Geryl notes the shifting of our magnetic poles in 2012.
Alexander Setchin in 1976 predicted the 12th planet of our solar system referred to today as Planet X or Nibiru. In a frequently referenced article at MSNBC.com dated October 7, 1999 “A Mystery Revolves Around the Sun”, an unseen planet or failed star with a solar orbit of 2 trillion miles is proposed by two teams of researchers. Many proponents of Planet X believe that the fly-by of this planet will cause increased gravitational effects, tidal waves, flooding, earthquakes and increased volcanic activity.
We must also add to this mix those who believe that extra-terrestrial beings are also involved, whether for good or ill, to facilitate the changes ahead and that our government is aware/involved/blocking/plotting their own course for the turmoil ahead. Keep and open mind when looking into the “E.T. factor”. Many respected scientists and astronauts have spoken out about their experiences and YouTube has become a resource for these video blog testimonials.
Whether or not you accept any of the predictions or theories regarding 2012 as fact, one thing remains constant. The Maya, the astrologers, the scientists, the conspiracy theorists, the spiritualists and the film makers all agree on one thing.
2012 and specifically December 21, 2012 is that singularity point where all the predictions converge.
At this time we are being urged to move from a consciousness where individuals are motivated to act based on the greater good of their group (age, gender, community, locale, religious/political belief) to soul consciousness in which the Law of One governs our actions to join with one another and connect our purpose with our Source’s purpose.
We are on the brink of reaching critical mass for change. We must use our free will in this time when thoughts come into physical manifestation quicker than at any time before to bring about positive change. We have a responsibility to create a positive inclusive world view and move away from the divisive fearful world view we have labored under.
So to begin our journey towards 2013 (because I believe that we will live past 2012) and all that brings with it, we must set our intent or goal. Intention is the supercharger of the future. I believe in the Law of One (we are all connected through spirit) and that this is way to bring about a peaceful change and a better life for everyone – not just me in my little corner of the world.
Set your intent for the future and connect with others of like mind and purpose to positively influence the greater world. Meditate with others of like mind; join your intent with theirs to make a difference. Regardless of what may happen in 2012 if we are working and living together cooperatively, we all arrive at the future we dream of in 2013.
Susan Zummo is a highly motivated and qualified teacher of higher awareness. She is a certified Perceptive Awareness Technique, Inc. (P.A.T.) facilitator, Integrated Awareness graduate, Soma Pi™ healing practitioner, Hypnotherapist, Reiki Master, and Interfaith Minister. With over 20 years of experience, Susan has been helping clients connect with their Higher Mind through Intuitive Counseling sessions, P.A.T. seminars and healing workshops.
Susan became a P.A.T. facilitator over 8 years ago and has helped many students gain access to their intuition via soul contact. Her teachings have helped her workshop attendees to reinforce their belief in self and their connection to a higher source. Her workshop participants regard her as on
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2012 NEW CROP CIRCLE SHOWS a DNA CHANGE in the CROP CIRCLES.
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DNA CHANGE SHOWN IN A CROP CIRCLE, 2012 DNA CHANGE TRIPLE HUMAN DNA STRAND…. MUST SEE
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Business Continuity and Climate Change (Part 1)
Posted by: | CommentsAt the end of this decade, scientists discover that giant solar flares have caused the temperature of Earth’s core to increase at an incredible rate. As the fragile balance of the planet’s structure is tipped by this unprecedented event, cracks begin to appear in the Earth’s crust, creating earthquakes of increasing ferocity. Despairing governments hatch a plan to ensure the survival of life via the creation of modern-day Arks – but while this desperate plan unfolds vast swathes of the world are consumed by mega-tsunamis, gigantic volcanic eruptions and the clash of mountain against mountain. Billions die – and the fate of humanity rests in the hands of… John Cusack?
The more observant among you may well have noticed that this is not in fact a representation of the near future from the perspective of shared services and outsourcing; rather, a precis of the plot of disaster movie 2012. However, while such cataclysmic challenges remain (for the moment…) in the realm of Hollywood sci-fi, the threat posed to smooth back-office operations by smaller (but nevertheless potentially devastating) phenomena is very real. Organizations without clear, coherent and agile disaster-avoidance and disaster-recovery strategies are courting catastrophe – and in many respects the challenges will only intensify over the years to come…
If that sounds too doomladen for many readers’ palates, it’s worth taking a look at a few critical issues. Firstly, from an organizational standpoint a catastrophe doesn’t have to be global to have global implications: the amazing advances in technology that have paved the way for IT-enabled centralization and the rise of the shared services model have resulted in countless benefits but have also created incredible dangers for any companies foolhardy enough to put all their data eggs in one basket – the oft-imagined (and thankfully unlikely) scenario whereby Company X’s sole SSC is destroyed in an earthquake without that company backing up its mission-critical data is the archetypal nightmare here.
Secondly, the increasing interconnection brought on by globalization has similarly led to innumerable benefits but has also led to the possibility of almost unthinkable dangers, both natural and artificial: the headlines over the past year have been dominated by the consequences of the financial crisis, a “near miss” event in many ways which at one point looked as though it could result in systemic collapse with the global banking superstructure within hours of collapse; and by the avian ‘flu pandemic which – fingers crossed – appears now to be less problematic than was first feared but which could – thanks again to globalization and easy travel – have reached every corner of the earth more rapidly than any previous pandemic and with devastating consequences. In this case, disaster-recovery teams would have had to cope not with acute trauma at any one location, but the consequences of a significant proportion of the workforce being rendered unfit for purpose (ie, dead) and of the impact of a substantial depletion of the consumer base on profitability. Two near-misses in a single year: it’s easy to imagine the Sword of Damocles swaying gently overhead…
Coping with that kind of catastrophe might seem beyond the domain of shared services (as if they didn‘t have enough to cope with); however, it seems logical to assume that, in the case of a seriously destabilizing event like either of the last two mentioned could well have become, shared services would be perfect to lie at the heart of any recovery strategy developed by a global organization: a number of small, agile centralized groups (as long as they’re not too depleted or rendered useless by whatever’s transpired) are far better placed to mount coherent resistance to disaster than widely dispersed (and probably pretty terrified) local teams – as long, crucially, as the lines of communication remain open and the aforementioned mission-critical data is not lost. Any element of disaster-avoidance strategy dealing with major global events should therefore include well-defined roles for shared services teams maximizing the advantages conferred by this model.
However, such events remain, thankfully, unlikely in the short-term. Much more immediate and pressing is the risk of local catastrophes which threaten the shared services units themselves – and dealing with these, and minimizing their impact on the organization as a whole, is what disaster-avoidance and -recovery are really all about. After all, in the case of a truly disastrous global pandemic or systemic collapse we’re all probably going to have a lot more to worry about than whether the business processes are still up and running; however, a localized event could have very little impact on the world at large but prove fatal for an organization which hasn’t taken the time to take preventative measures. Unfortunately, in many ways it seems that the likelihood of such localized events – whether of natural or artificial origin – is on the up, for a number of reasons.
Foremost amongst these is the ongoing impact of climate change (and here it’s worth pointing out that while skeptics can rail against the assumption that humans are responsible, very few are actively denying that climate change is a reality) and other consequences of environmental degradation. Following the old adage that prevention is better than cure, a sensible starting-point for disaster avoidance would be to avoid locating critical infrastructure in areas likely to be worst affected by global warming in the foreseeable future – so global businesses are unlikely to be setting up shared services hubs on the beaches of the Maldives or the shores of the Ganges Delta, for example. The problem here is that nobody knows to what extent climate change is already impacting on what might previously have been thought “safe” areas via catastrophic meteorological events: anyone in the Philippines (an increasingly important shared services and outsourcing hot spot) during the fatal storms and floods earlier this year, or in New Orleans during the ravages of Hurricane Katrina, can testify to the effects of the weather on productivity. The bottom line is that now more than ever, location selection processes must include at their heart a full and rational assessment of the possible impact of climate change. In addition, once built, those responsible for a shared service center – no matter how sensibly sited – must also put in place contingency measures to cope with weather-related events of an intensity over and above what may have been expected only a few years previously. Back-up generators and plans to minimize the impact of disrupted communications and transport links are already an absolute minimum here.
At the other end of the spectrum, the possibility of a human-induced destabilizing event, which – thanks to an increase in terrorism targeting sites of commercial activity – has also increased over the past decade, is likely to rise exponentially if the worse forecasts for climate change are realized. Rising sea-levels and – ironically but no less catastrophically – increased drought are likely to see extreme population movements over the next couple of decades, fuelling existing social tensions and creating new ones. Predicting the stability of any given location ten years from now certainly isn’t an easy proposition – but it’s one that planners cannot now afford to ignore, especially as much new shared services activity is taking place in those fast-growing developing nations most likely to be worst affected by such pressures.
These points are by no means meant as an argument for keeping new shared services development wholly within the developed world (specifically within meteorologically “safe” locations); the benefits posed by siting infrastructure in the emerging hot spots are frankly too good to miss. The point is that those benefits will be for naught if they are not insured by robust disaster-mitigation practices which factor in the potential impact of climate change – and any board unwilling to face the realities of climate change, skeptical though its members may be about the underlying causes, is asking for the kind of trouble from which many businesses wouldn’t be able to recover. Splashing out a few bucks on getting a climatologist’s advice before investing millions in a new center might a few years back have been seen as verging on the lunatic; now it’s probably if not indispensable then pretty close to it.
Of course, it’s not just those looking at setting up new infrastructure that have to concern themselves with such gloomy matters: existing centers should also be assessed in terms of potential risks based on scientific data. But to a large extent such scrutiny will already have been carried out by most organizations – after all, severe weather events are hardly a new phenomenon: it’s their prevalence and intensity which are likely to increase over time. More crucially, firms now don’t just need to assess their own susceptibility to damage: thanks to the growth of outsourcing and the development of more disaggregated business structures, it’s increasingly vital to include in any due diligence an assessment of a potential provider’s ability to cope with the possible consequences of climate change. After all, the gains derived from a sweet outsourcing deal will look pretty paltry pretty quickly if your partner’s infrastructure is rendered useless by flooding or other weather-induced trauma.
For those who may be thinking all this is overly paranoid, it’s worth noting that the consensus within the business community is increasingly aligning itself with the climate-change evangelists. A survey conducted last year for insurance brokers Marsh found that 87 per cent of businesses consulted saw climate change as the single leading threat facing them over the next decade in terms of risks to future growth (while threats posed by the global economic downturn may well have risen to top spot in current thinking, it’s unlikely to have driven climate change off the agenda altogether). Regardless of cause – and that debate is unlikely to disappear despite the growing scientific consensus placing blame at humanity’s doorstep – in the minds of those running the planet’s economic engines, the threat posed by changes in the environment is more pressing than those offered by terrorism, pandemics or anything else. Shared services, so clearly at the heart of so much of the transformation to have revolutionized business over the past few years, simply can’t afford not to be at the forefront of this most urgent issue.
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This article was first published on the Shared Services & Outsourcing Network (SSON) – Read it here: http://www.ssonetwork.com/topic_detail.aspx?id=6572&ekfrm=6&utm_source=ssonetwork.com&utm_medium=SMO&utm_campaign=DIRECTORIES&mac=SSON_External_Listing_2056
About The Shared Services & Outsourcing Network (SSON)
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SSON focuses on developing its members through providing training, tools, and networking opportunities. SSON staff works from international offices in New York, London, Singapore, Sydney, Berlin and Dubai to research current trends and developments in shared services.
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Jamie Liddell has worked in journalism since he was a 17-year-old cub reporter for The Tico Times, Costa Rica’s highly regarded English-language weekly newspaper. Holding an MA in English from Clare College, Cambridge University, Jamie came to the Shared Services & Outsourcing Network from the world of overseas property publishing where he worked on the industry’s best-selling publications for the UK and Ireland, and gave seminars at consumer and b2b exhibitions and conferences internationally.
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